Introduction The Federal Republic of Nigeria, comprises of thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Located in West Africa, the country shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria is a rich cultural country; the three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. It also consists of other minority groups. Her name Nigeria was derived from the Niger River running through the country and was coined by Flora Shaw, the wife of Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century. English is the official language of Nigeria and has more than 250 individual tribal languages. Nigeria is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with the International Monetary Fund projecting a growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. It is the second largest economy in Africa, and the largest in West Africa.

Nigeria’s Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon

Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E

Map references: Africa Area: total: 923,768 sq km country comparison to the world: 32 land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km

Area – comparative: slightly more than twice the size of California

Land boundaries: total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

Coastline: 853 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate: Current Weather varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Terrain: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land Land use: arable land: 33.02% permanent crops: 3.14% other: 63.84% (2005)

Irrigated land: 2,820 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources: 286.2 cu km (2003)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%) per capita: 61 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards: periodic droughts; flooding

Environment – current issues: soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution – water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Environment – international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography – note: the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

Source: CIA Factbook

Nigeria’s People Population: 152,217,341

country comparison to the world: 8

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.5% (male 31,624,050/female 30,242,637) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 42,240,641/female 40,566,672) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 2,211,840/female 2,343,250) (2010 est.)

Median age: total: 19.1 years male: 19 years female: 19.2 years (2010 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.966% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Birth rate: 36.07 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Death rate: 16.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

Net migration rate: -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 127

Urbanization: urban population: 48% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 92.99 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 10 male: 98.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 86.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.24 years country comparison to the world: 220 male: 46.46 years female: 48.08 years (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate: 4.82 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate: 3.1% (2007 est.)

country comparison to the world: 23

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS: 2.6 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 3 HIV/AIDS – deaths: 170,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 3

Nationality: noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian

Ethnic groups: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 68% male: 75.7% female: 60.6% (2003 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years male: 10 years female: 8 years (2005) Education expenditures: 0.9% of GDP (1991)

country comparison to the world: 183

Source: CIA Factbook

Nigerian Government Country name: conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria

Government type: federal republic

Capital: name: Abuja

geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara

Independence: 1 October 1960 (from the UK)

National holiday: Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)

Constitution: adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999

Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: chief of state: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); note – the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR’ADUA, he was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president head of government: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010) cabinet: Federal Executive Council (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held on 22 January 2011) election results: Umaru Musa YAR’ADUA elected president; percent of vote – Umaru Musa YAR’ADUA 69.8%, Muhammadu BUHARI 18.7%, Atiku ABUBAKAR 7.5%, Orji Uzor KALU 1.7%, other 2.3% Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate – last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2011); House of Representatives – last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held on 15 January 2011) election results: Senate – percent of vote by party – NA; seats by party – PDP 85, ANPP 16, AC 6, PPA 1, ACCORD 1; House of Representatives – percent of vote by party – PDP 65.1%, ANPP 21.6%, AC 8.8%, PPA 0.8%, LP 0.8%; seats by party – PDP 263, ANPP 63, AC 30, PPA 3, LP 1

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)

Political parties and leaders: Accord Party [Augustine MAZIE, acting]; Action Congress or AC [Bisi AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Edwin UME-EZEOKE]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA]; Conference of Nigerian Political Parities or CNPP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party [Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Vincent OGBULAFOR]; Peoples Progressive Alliance [Larry ESIN]

Political pressure groups and leaders: Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, D-8, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Robin R. SANDERS embassy: 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000 FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity

Source: CIA Factbook

Economy – overview: GDP (purchasing power parity): $339 billion (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33 $319.5 billion (2008 est.) $303.4 billion (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate): $173.4 billion (2009 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: 6.1% (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22 5.3% (2008 est.) 6.4% (2007 est.)

GDP – per capita (PPP): $2,300 (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 183 $2,200 (2008 est.) $2,100 (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 33.1% industry: 33.8% services: 33.1% (2009 est.)

Labor force: 47.33 million (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Labor force – by occupation: agriculture: 70% industry: 10% services: 20% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate: 4.9% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Population below poverty line: 70% (2007 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 32.4% (2004)

Distribution of family income – Gini index: 43.7 (2003)

country comparison to the world: 46 50.6 (1997) Investment (gross fixed): 30.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 150 Budget: revenues: $13.69 billion expenditures: $21.84 billion (2009 est.)

Public debt: 14.3% of GDP (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 120 9.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.4% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 202 11.6% (2008 est.)

Central bank discount rate: 6% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 51 9.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 18.36% (31 December 2009 ) country comparison to the world: 44 15.48% (31 December 2008 )

Stock of narrow money: $33.45 billion (31 December 2009) $35.29 billion (31 December 2008) Stock of broad money: $68.26 billion (31 December 2009) $67.34 billion (31 December 2008)

Stock of domestic credit: $49.51 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $35.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares: $33.37 billion (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 50 $49.8 billion (31 December 2008) $86.35 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture – products: cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish Industries: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Industrial production growth rate: -0.4% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 Electricity – production: 21.92 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 Electricity – consumption: 19.21 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil – production: 2.211 million bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Oil – consumption: 280,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Oil – exports: 2.327 million bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Oil – imports: 170,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Oil – proved reserves: 37.2 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Natural gas – production: 32.82 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Natural gas – consumption: 12.28 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Natural gas – exports: 20.55 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Natural gas – imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Natural gas – proved reserves: 5.246 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Current account balance: $10.01 billion (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 $39.36 billion (2008 est.)

Exports: $47.75 billion (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 40 $78.34 billion (2008 est.) Exports – commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Exports – partners: US 35.08%, India 10.43%, Brazil 9.32%, Spain 7.19%, France 4.65% (2009)

Imports: $32.99 billion (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $34.35 billion (2008 est.) Imports – commodities: machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Imports – partners: China 14.89%, US 8.88%, Netherlands 8.18%, South Korea 5.46%, UK 4.63%, France 4.19% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $46.79 billion (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $53 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Debt – external: $9.689 billion (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 85 $9.996 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment – at home: $53.67 billion (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 $50.67 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad: $12.91 billion (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $12.86 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Exchange rates: nairas (NGN) per US dollar – 150.48 (2009), 117.8 (2008), 127.46 (2007), 127.38 (2006), 132.59 (2005)

Source: CIA Factbook

Communication in Nigeria Telephones – main lines in use: 1.308 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 68

Telephones – mobile cellular: 62.988 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 16

Telephone system: general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership reaching 45 per 100 persons in 2008 international: country code – 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations – 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2008)

Broadcast media: nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal-government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations also operate; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code: .ng

Internet hosts: 1,378 (2010) country comparison to the world: 164

Internet users: 11 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 29

Source: CIA Factbook

Transportation in Nigeria Airports: 54 (2010) country comparison to the world: 86

Airports – with paved runways: total: 38 over 3,047 m: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2010)

Airports – with unpaved runways: total: 16 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 2 (2010)

Heliports: 4 (2010) Pipelines: condensate 26 km; gas 2,565 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km; oil 3,424 km; refined products 4,090 km (2009)

Railways: total: 3,505 km country comparison to the world: 49 narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways: total: 193,200 km country comparison to the world: 26 paved: 28,980 km unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)

Waterways: 8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2008) country comparison to the world: 15

Merchant marine: total: 98 country comparison to the world: 52 by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 30, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 60, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 4 (India 1, Spain 1, UK 2) registered in other countries: 37 (Bahamas 2, Belize 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, North Korea 1, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Seychelles 1, unknown 4) (2010)

Ports and terminals: Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Transportation – note: the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Source: CIA Factbook